Seizures in pets can be alarming, but understanding their causes, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing how to respond can make a significant difference in managing your pet's health. This guide provides a comprehensive overview to help you support your pet if they experience seizures.

What Are Seizures?

Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, or consciousness. They are a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself.

Common Causes of Seizures in Pets

1. Idiopathic Epilepsy
   • The most common cause of recurrent seizures in dogs, idiopathic epilepsy, often has a genetic basis. It typically manifests between 6 months and 6 years of age.
2. Toxins
   • Ingesting substances like chocolate, xylitol, antifreeze, or certain household plants can trigger seizures.
3. Metabolic Disorders
   • Conditions like low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), kidney disease, or liver failure can disrupt normal brain function.
4. Brain Trauma or Tumors
   • Injuries to the head or growths in the brain can lead to seizures, especially in older pets.
5. Infectious Diseases
   • Diseases like canine distemper or feline infectious peritonitis may cause inflammation in the brain, leading to seizures.

Symptoms of Seizures in Pets

1. Pre-Ictal Phase (Aura):
   • Signs include restlessness, whining, or hiding as the seizure approaches.
2. Ictal Phase (Seizure):
   • Symptoms include convulsions, paddling of the limbs, drooling, loss of consciousness, or rigid body posture.
3. Post-Ictal Phase (Recovery):
   • After the seizure, pets may appear disoriented, unsteady, or temporarily blind. This phase can last minutes to hours.

What to Do During a Seizure

1. Stay Calm: Panicking will not help your pet and may hinder your ability to act effectively.
2. Protect Your Pet: Move furniture or sharp objects away to prevent injury. Do not put your hands near their mouth to avoid bites.
3. Track the Duration: Time the seizure. If it lasts longer than 2-5 minutes, it could be a medical emergency.
4. Create a Safe Environment: Turn off bright lights and reduce noise to minimize stress.

When to Seek Veterinary Attention

1. First Seizure: Always contact your vet if your pet has never had a seizure before.
2. Seizures Lasting Over 5 Minutes: This is a condition called status epilepticus and requires immediate veterinary care.
3. Cluster Seizures: Multiple seizures within 24 hours also warrant urgent attention.

Managing Seizures in Pets

1. Diagnosis: Your veterinarian may perform blood tests, imaging, or a spinal tap to determine the cause.
2. Medication:
   • Common anticonvulsants include phenobarbital and potassium bromide. Medications must be administered consistently as prescribed【12】.
3. Lifestyle Adjustments:
   • Avoid triggers like flashing lights or stressful situations. Maintain a consistent routine for feeding and exercise.
4. Toxin Prevention: Keep harmful substances out of reach and pet-proof your home.

Living with a Pet with Seizures

While managing a pet with seizures can be challenging, it’s entirely possible for them to live a happy and healthy life with proper care. Consistent medication, regular veterinary check-ups, and a supportive environment are key to improving their quality of life.