Plaque and Tartar in Pets

Plaque and Tartar in PetsDental health is critical for pets, and understanding plaque and tartar can help prevent serious oral and systemic health issues. Plaque is a sticky biofilm of bacteria and food particles that forms on teeth. If not removed, it hardens into tartar (or calculus), which can lead to gum disease, tooth loss, and other complications.

What is Plaque?

Plaque forms continuously on your pet’s teeth. It’s composed of:
  • Bacteria: Naturally present in the mouth, combined with food residues.
  • Biofilm: A sticky layer that adheres to the teeth.
Plaque can be removed with regular brushing or dental wipes before it calcifies into tartar.

What is Tartar?

When plaque isn’t removed, it mineralizes within 24-48 hours, forming tartar. Unlike plaque, tartar is:
  • Hard and rough, adhering strongly to the teeth.
  • Often yellow or brown in color.
  • Typically found near the gumline, causing irritation and inflammation.
Tartar buildup leads to periodontal disease if not professionally cleaned.

Risks of Plaque and Tartar

  1. Gum Disease (Periodontitis):
    • Tartar irritates the gums, causing inflammation (gingivitis) that can progress to infection and tissue damage.
  2. Tooth Loss:
    • As tartar accumulates, it weakens the bone and ligaments holding teeth in place.
  3. Systemic Health Issues:
    • Bacteria from dental disease can enter the bloodstream, potentially affecting the heart, liver, and kidneys.
  4. Pain and Discomfort:
    • Dental disease can cause severe oral pain, making it difficult for pets to eat or play.

Preventing Plaque and Tartar in Pets

  1. Daily Brushing:
    • Use a pet-specific toothbrush and toothpaste.
    • Gradually introduce brushing to make it a positive experience.
  2. Dental Treats and Chews:
    • Provide treats designed to reduce plaque and tartar. Look for products approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC).
  3. Specialized Diets:
    • Some pet foods are formulated to clean teeth by reducing tartar buildup.
  4. Professional Cleanings:
    • Schedule annual veterinary dental exams and cleanings to remove tartar and prevent gum disease.
  5. Water Additives and Dental Sprays:
    • Add dental-specific solutions to your pet's water to reduce plaque and bacteria.
  6. Chew Toys:
    • Safe, durable chew toys can help mechanically remove plaque. Avoid excessively hard objects that could fracture teeth.

Signs of Plaque and Tartar in Pets

  • Bad breath.
  • Yellow or brown discoloration on teeth.
  • Red, swollen gums (gingivitis).
  • Drooling or difficulty eating.
  • Loose or missing teeth.
Plaque and tartar are preventable with a consistent oral hygiene routine and professional care. Early intervention not only improves dental health but also reduces the risk of systemic illnesses, ensuring a happier, healthier pet.