Cat vaccinations protect felines from contagious and deadly diseases. Core vaccines, such as rabies, panleukopenia, and calicivirus, are crucial for all cats, while non-core vaccines like Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) depend on their lifestyle and risk factors. Kittens should start vaccinations around six weeks, with boosters until they are about 16 weeks old. Adult cats need periodic boosters, while senior cats may need customized schedules. Proper vaccination not only protects your cat but also prevents the spread of illnesses to other animals, ensuring a safe and healthy environment for all.
Vaccinations are a cornerstone of your cat’s health, protecting them from dangerous and potentially fatal diseases. Whether your feline friend is an indoor-only companion or a seasoned outdoor explorer, staying on top of their vaccinations ensures they stay healthy and helps prevent the spread of diseases to other animals.
Here’s a comprehensive guide to understanding cat vaccinations, so you can make informed decisions for your furry friend.
1. Why Are Cat Vaccinations Important?
Vaccines work by preparing your cat’s immune system to fight off specific diseases. They either prevent infection or reduce the severity of symptoms if your cat is exposed. Vaccinating your cat:
- Protects them from serious illnesses, some of which can be fatal.
- Prevents the spread of diseases to other animals (and in some cases, to humans).
- Meets legal requirements for certain vaccines, like rabies.
Even if your cat stays indoors, vaccinations are essential. Diseases like rabies and feline panleukopenia can be carried into your home on clothing, shoes, or through other pets.
2. Core vs. Non-Core Vaccines
Vaccines for cats are generally divided into two categories:
core and
non-core.
Core Vaccines
Core vaccines are recommended for all cats, regardless of lifestyle, as they protect against widespread and severe diseases.
- FVRCP vaccine (3-in-1): Protects against:
- Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR): A respiratory virus caused by herpesvirus.
- Calicivirus: Another respiratory virus that can cause mouth ulcers.
- Feline panleukopenia (FPV): A highly contagious and often fatal disease that attacks the immune system.
- Rabies: Required by law in many regions, rabies is a fatal virus that can be transmitted to humans.
Non-Core Vaccines
Non-core vaccines are given based on your cat’s risk factors, such as lifestyle, geographic location, or exposure to other animals.
- Feline leukemia virus (FeLV): Essential for outdoor cats or those in multi-cat households, as it spreads through saliva, urine, and close contact.
- Chlamydia felis: Protects against a bacterial infection that causes conjunctivitis and respiratory issues.
- Bordetella bronchiseptica: Protects against a respiratory infection, especially important in cats that live in shelters or catteries.
Your vet will assess your cat’s specific risks and recommend non-core vaccines accordingly.
3. Kitten Vaccination Schedule
Kittens have immature immune systems, making them especially vulnerable to diseases. Vaccinations are typically started when they’re around 6–8 weeks old, with boosters given every 3–4 weeks until they’re 16–20 weeks old.
Here’s a typical schedule:
- 6–8 weeks: FVRCP vaccine (1st dose)
- 10–12 weeks: FVRCP booster
- 12–16 weeks: Rabies vaccine (1st dose), FeLV vaccine (if applicable)
- 16–20 weeks: Final FVRCP booster, final FeLV vaccine (if applicable)
Kittens need multiple boosters because their maternal antibodies (passed through their mother’s milk) can interfere with the effectiveness of vaccines. The final round ensures their immune system is fully protected.
4. Adult Cat Vaccination Schedule
After the initial kitten series, adult cats require periodic booster shots to maintain immunity. Your vet may recommend the following:
- FVRCP vaccine: Every 1–3 years, depending on the vaccine used and your cat’s health.
- Rabies vaccine: Annually or every 3 years, depending on local laws and the specific vaccine.
- FeLV vaccine: Annually for cats at risk.
Indoor-only cats may not need non-core vaccines like FeLV, but it’s important to discuss this with your vet.
5. Common Vaccine Side Effects
Vaccines are generally safe, but like any medical treatment, they can cause mild side effects in some cats. These typically resolve within a day or two and may include:
- Mild fever or lethargy
- Swelling or tenderness at the injection site
- Decreased appetite
Rarely, more severe reactions like vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, or facial swelling may occur. If you notice these symptoms, contact your vet immediately.
6. Cost of Cat Vaccinations
The cost of vaccinations can vary depending on your location and the specific clinic. Typically:
- Core vaccine series for kittens: $50–$150
- Annual boosters for adults: $40–$100
- Rabies vaccine: $15–$30 (depending on the vaccine duration)
Many clinics offer affordable vaccination packages or low-cost vaccine clinics to help pet parents stay on top of their cat’s health.
7. Maintaining Vaccination Records
Keeping track of your cat’s vaccinations is essential. You’ll need these records for:
- Boarding facilities or pet sitters
- Travel, especially international trips
- Emergencies or new veterinary visits
Most vets provide a vaccination certificate or digital record after each appointment.
8. When to See Your Vet
If you’re unsure about your cat’s vaccination status or if it’s been years since their last visit, schedule an appointment with your vet. They’ll help create a tailored vaccination plan that ensures your cat stays protected based on their lifestyle and age.
A Healthy Life, One Vaccine at a Time
Vaccinating your cat isn’t just about protecting them—it’s about safeguarding the bond you share. By keeping their immune system strong and preventing dangerous diseases, you’re giving your feline friend the chance to enjoy a long, healthy, and happy life. Because when they’re safe and well, the purrs and cuddles come naturally.