Bad breath, or halitosis, is a common issue in dogs and cats, often indicating an underlying health problem. While occasional bad breath might result from something your pet ate, persistent foul odor is typically a sign of dental or systemic health concerns that require attention.

Causes of Bad Breath in Pets

1. Dental Disease
   • The most common cause of bad breath is periodontal disease, which includes plaque, tartar buildup, gum inflammation, and infection.
   • Tooth decay or abscesses can also emit a strong, unpleasant odor.
2. Diet and Eating Habits
   • Pets consuming foul-smelling items like garbage or stool (coprophagia) may develop temporary bad breath.
3. Kidney Disease
   • A pet with kidney issues may have breath that smells like ammonia or urine due to the buildup of toxins in the blood.
4. Diabetes
   • A sweet or fruity odor can be a sign of diabetes, especially if accompanied by increased thirst and urination.
5. Liver Disease
   • A musty odor, often paired with vomiting, yellowing of the eyes or gums, and lethargy, can indicate liver dysfunction.
6. Foreign Objects
   • Items stuck in a pet's mouth, like bones or sticks, can cause infection and bad breath.
7. Oral Tumors or Infections
   • Growths in the mouth can harbor bacteria, leading to foul odors.

When to See a Veterinarian

Seek veterinary attention if bad breath persists and is accompanied by:

• Red, swollen, or bleeding gums.
• Loose teeth or difficulty eating.
• Vomiting, diarrhea, or changes in appetite.
• Unusual behavior or lethargy.

Preventing Bad Breath in Pets

1. Regular Brushing
   • Brush your pet's teeth daily using pet-specific toothpaste and toothbrushes.
2. Provide Dental Chews and Treats
   • Use VOHC-approved chews designed to reduce plaque and tartar buildup.
3. Offer Dental-Specific Diets
   • Some pet foods are formulated to promote oral health.
4. Routine Veterinary Check-Ups
   • Annual dental cleanings under anesthesia and routine oral exams can address issues before they worsen.
5. Ensure Proper Hydration
   • Fresh water helps wash away bacteria and food particles.

At-Home Remedies to Control Pet Breath

• Water Additives: Add vet-approved dental solutions to their drinking water.
• Carrots and Apples: Crunchy fruits and vegetables can help clean teeth naturally.
• Parsley: A small amount can freshen breath but consult your vet first.

Bad breath in dogs and cats often points to an underlying issue that requires attention. Regular dental care and routine check-ups can prevent most causes of halitosis, ensuring your pet stays healthy and comfortable.